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Online community research routinely poses minimal risk to individuals, but does the same hold true for online communities? In response to high-profile breaches of online community trust and increased debate in the social computing research community on the ethics of online community research, this paper investigates community-level harms and benefits of research. Through 9 participatory-inspired workshops with four critical online communities (Wikipedia, InTheRooms, CaringBridge, and r/AskHistorians), we found researchers should engage more directly with communities' primary purpose by rationalizing their methods and contributions in the context of community goals to equalize the beneficiaries of community research. To facilitate deeper alignment of these expectations, we present the FACTORS (Functions for Action with Communities: Teaching, Overseeing, Reciprocating, and Sustaining) framework for ethical online community research. Finally, we reflect on our findings by providing implications for researchers and online communities to identify and implement functions for navigating community-level harms and benefits. 

Strategies for engaging in more ethical research with online communities 

While substantial advances have been made in recommender systems -- both in general and for news -- using datasets, offline analyses, and one-shot experiments, longitudinal studies of real users remain the gold standard, and the only way to effectively measure the impact of recommender system designs (algorithmic and otherwise) on long-term user experience and behavior. While such infrastructure exists for studies within some individual organizations, the extensive cost and effort to build the systems, content streams, and user base make it prohibitive for most researchers to conduct such studies. We propose to develop shared research infrastructure for the research community, and have received funding to gather community input on requirements, resources, and research goals for such an infrastructure. If the full infrastructure proposal is funded, it would result in recruiting a community of thousands of users who agree to use a news delivery application within which various researchers would be install and conduct experiments. In this short paper we outline what we have heard and learned so far and present a set of questions to be directed to INRA attendees to gather their feedback at the workshop.